Have
you ever wondered where the tale of Santa Claus came from? When you
think about it, the jolly old man in red and white, who travels on
his sleigh pulled by flying reindeer to deliver gifts to children all
over the world, is a pretty fantastical notion. So where did this
eccentric, universal tale begin?
We’re
told that he is based on Christian Saint Nicholas, who was known for
his extensive generosity and good charity in the Fourth Century, in
modern-day Turkey. A devout Christian, old Saint Nick represented
love, charity, and good faith. It is said the Dutch adopted Saint
Nicholas (for them, ‘Saint Nikolaas’ which soon morphed to,
‘Sinterklaas’) and brought his legacy to America in the 1700s.
But
there’s another, lesser-known story; one that quite convincingly
explains the bizarre traditions of our white-bearded,
present-bearing, fur-clad, chimney-descending friend. This story
begins in a land far, far away; a land in the North covered in snow,
where reindeer freely roam. Alas, I’m not talking about the North
Pole …
This
story begins with a Shaman. A Shaman who descended down smoke holes
in snow-covered homes, carrying medicinal red and white mushrooms to
give to the cold families that inhabited them, during the relentless
winter solstice. We’re in Siberia, pre-expansion of the Russian
empire in the Seventeenth Century; a country that is known for its
vast landscape, and harsh Northern winters. Several Indigenous tribes
dwelled here and amongst them were ‘Shamans.’
Shamans can
be described as conduits of spiritual energies. They were, and still
are in some parts of the world, known for their abilities to reach
altered states of consciousness in order to access the spiritual
world and bring forth healing and wisdom. For this reason, they are
highly regarded among their communities and are often respected
advisors and representatives of the Great Spirits.
Shamans
commonly use plants as medicine and to facilitate their connection
with Spirit. They work with powerful, mind-altering, psychedelic
plants such as Ayahuasca, Peyote, Washuma and more. Siberian Shamans
typically used the fungus Amanita muscaria, known more commonly in
the West as ‘magic mushrooms’ or ‘toadstools’.
Amanita
muscaria is a native of Siberia, among other regions of the world.
These bright red mushrooms with their cute white specks have long
been associated with folk tales of fairies and other mystical
creatures, but also make an annual appearance at Christmas time. Many
of us have likely had the adapted versions; red and/or white baubles,
currently hanging from the branches of our Christmas trees, which
according to some Ethnographers, is no mere coincidence.
Amanita
muscaria mushrooms grow under pine trees and were hung in the trees
to dry. Coincidence? The forests of Siberia are predominantly made
up of pine trees and Amanita muscaria are commonly found growing at
the base of the majestic pines since the two have a symbiotic
relationship. Sounds a lot like red-and-white wrapped gifts found at
the base of a traditional pine Christmas tree.
The
Siberian Shamans would spend ample time collecting the precious fungi
from the forest floor and then went about drying them, as eating them
fresh was dangerous but dried and administered in low doses, the
mushrooms produced a sensation of warmth and increased energy.
In the
warmer months, this was done by positioning them amongst the branches
of a central pine tree that received direct sunlight (hello Christmas
baubles!). The other method was to place the fungi in a sock hung by
the hearth. Fascinating, right?
The
connections don’t end there. As the solstice drew nearer and the
days grew shorter and colder, it is believed that Shamans would visit
people’s homes to deliver and administer these medicinal dried
mushrooms; these treasured gifts, to brighten the damp spirits of the
families trapped in their cold homes. Due to the extreme winter
conditions, the doorways to these dwellings would often be snowed in
so the only access would be through a hole in the roof where the
smoke from the fire would escape – aka the chimney. Shamans would
descend through the roofs of people’s homes to bring them the
mushroom goodies.
Presents
under pine trees; pretty red-and-white decorations dangling from
branches, an adored man descending through chimneys with his
red-and-white gifts, and socks with more treasures hanging by hearty
fires. The correlations are quite astonishing, but there’s still
more – we haven’t yet addressed the unmistakable attire of our
friend Santa or his trusty steeds.
Almost
every Westerner knows Father Christmas wears a red, velvety suit with
woolen or fur trimmings to keep the chills at bay. Many believe it
began with Coca-cola, who adopted Santa as their jolly red and white
mascot in the 1920s. Prior to that, Santa’s ‘look’ was
inconsistent, and not the kind, round, white-bearded man we all
recognize now. He was often depicted in a variety of ways; Elf-like,
or tall and gaunt, sometimes wearing a bishop’s robe or a Norse
huntsman’s animal skin. The Bishop’s robe and tall, gaunt look
were likely influenced by Saint Nicholas, as that is how early
doctrines described him. As for the ‘huntsman’ look, Siberian
Shamans would wear coats of caribou (reindeer) so it’s not
unrealistic to speculate this image was birthed here and tales of
these deer-coated men, with their unusual winter solstice practices,
spread far across Europe, and later, the world.
Finally,
we come to Santa’s reindeer friends. Siberia has a large population
of reindeer, both wild and domesticated, and early Siberians depended
on these animals for their survival. Aside from their meat and fur,
they were used to pull sleds; an efficient and practical mode of
transport in this snow-covered region of the world. It is thought
that people who were hallucinating from the gifts of Amanita muscaria
mistook the reindeer and Shaman to be flying off into the night.
Reindeer, like Amanita muscaria, were considered sacred among the
Siberian people.
So
what does this all mean? What Magic do you choose to believe? For a
start, it clears up many obscurities around Santa and Christmas. With
a little research, however, it becomes clear there are a number of
stories regarding Santa Claus’ origins, and though we can speculate
until the reindeer fly home, one can never know the absolute truth of
this tale. The Siberian-Shaman-became-Santa theory appears to check
out, but perhaps both sides of the story contributed to the evolution
of modern-day Santa. Perhaps it doesn’t matter.
Whether
this Shamanic twist of the tale is, in fact, responsible for Santa or
not, an exploration of this festive topic has revealed two notable
things: Regardless of the origin of this jolly character, his essence
is unwaveringly consistent, and to me, that’s what matters here. St
Nicholas or Shaman – both are global beacons of kindness; both
symbols of the spirit of coming together. Secondly, the polarity of
one origin having roots in spirituality and the other in religion
just reminds us, no matter who you are, what you look like, what you
believe, or where you come from, the story of human connection and
community is what has stayed the distance. It’s strong. It’s
global. It runs through us all. It is our shared essence. Even if we
don’t subscribe to the beliefs it stems from, we can all relate to
the moral of this story; the story of a shared humanity, of kindness
and hope.
A very
Merry Christmas and may the essence of Santa touch each one of us
this festive season and well into the coming year.
by
Briony Dalton