
With
traditional arts in Asia much emphasis is put on long-term practice
and effort so as to reach continuously higher levels of skill
development. There is a deeper character training happening as well,
to reduce the ego’s voice, let go of fears, cultivate mindfulness,
increase gratitude and live more fully in the present moment.
Beginner’s
Mind is a phrase from Japanese Zen teacher Shunryu Suzuki’s book
Zen Mind, Beginner’s Mind. He uses it to describe an
approach to life that is empty of preconceptions and egotism, yet
very mindful.
In
Japan we have the phrase shoshin (初心),
which means ‘beginner’s mind.’ The goal of practice is always
to keep our beginner’s mind… This [means] an empty mind and a
ready mind. If your mind is empty, it is always ready for anything;
it is open to everything. In the beginner’s mind there are many
possibilities; in the expert’s mind there are few.
The
idea of an empty mind in Asian cultures is different from Western
conceptions, which signify that something is lacking. It is closer to
our idea of being open-minded, providing a spacious awareness that
allows the outer world to flow in freely through our senses.
The
Chinese philosopher Lao Tsu shared a similar conception of emptiness,
in verse 11 of the Tao Te Ching, describing structured spaces
which invite participation as being very practical and useful.
Thirty
spokes share the wheel’s hub;
It is the center hole that makes
it useful.
Shape clay into a vessel;
It is the space within
that makes it useful.
Cut doors and windows for a room;
It is
the holes which make it useful.
Therefore benefit comes from what
is there;
Usefulness from what is not there.
In Zen
Buddhism, to maintain a beginner’s mind means to be open to
continuous growth and deeper understanding. One is encouraged to
drink in each moment of life, without excessive desire, pride or
judgment.
A
beginner’s mind is not willful, power seeking or egocentric. As a
beginner, we are encouraged to develop skills without comparing
ourselves to others or seeking to be superior in any way. In Japan,
this also relates to the idea of kenkyo (謙虚)
which means to cultivate modesty and humility, to not be full of
oneself.
In Zen
Flesh, Zen Bones by Paul Rep there is a section entitled 101 Zen
Stories. Here a tale is told of a University professor who visits
Nan-in, a Japanese Zen master. The professor says he wants to learn
about Zen, but is filled with his own knowledge and opinions. Nan-in
pours tea into his cup and does not stop so that it begins to
overflow.
What
are you doing? It is overfull. No more will go in!” yells the
Professor. “Like this cup,” Nan-in said, “you are full of your
own opinions and speculations. How can I show you Zen unless you
first empty your cup?”
Even
now, a beginner’s mind is very much a part of traditional arts
training in Japan. The idea of mu (無)
or mushin (無 心)
is commonly taught to students. It is often translated as ‘not,
nothing’ or ‘no mind’ but it’s closer to openness of
awareness in meaning. Students are encouraged to be attentive and
mindful, carefully observant of the present moment.
With
traditional arts education in Asia much emphasis is put on long-term
practice and effort, so as to reach continuously higher levels of
skill development. There is a deeper character training happening as
well, to reduce the ego’s voice, let go of fears, cultivate
mindfulness, increase gratitude and live more fully in the present
moment.
A core
idea with Zen-influenced arts is that deep mastery and learning
requires that we keep all our senses open. Over time one’s
knowledge becomes intuitive, instinctual. We do not have to ‘think’
consciously to act skillfully.
The
goal with arts training is not to receive praise or do better than
others, but to grow spiritually, develop as a human being and learn
to live each moment peacefully, mindfully and deeply connected to the
present.
The
Buddhist scholar D.T. Suzuki (no relation to Shunryu Suzuki), gave
this description, in his essay An
Introduction to Zen Buddhism:
The
idea of Zen is to catch life as it flows. There is nothing
extraordinary or mysterious about Zen. I raise my hand; I take a book
from the other side of the desk; I hear the boys playing ball outside
my window; I see the clouds blown away beyond the neighboring wood —
in all these I am practicing Zen, I am living Zen. No wordy
discussion is necessary, nor any explanation… When the sun rises
the whole world dances with joy and everybody’s heart is filled
with bliss. If Zen is at all conceivable, it must be taken hold of
here.
Zen
teaches that living in this way is not difficult, but modern
‘civilized’ people make it hard for themselves, and their
children. Educational systems (both in the West and in Asia) put
great emphasis on competition, status and ranking, requiring the
memorization and testing of knowledge.
The
goal of modern schooling is for students to remember vast amounts of
information, to do better than others on tests, so that one can get
higher grades, get into the ‘best’ college, attain a high-paying
job. This ‘training’ (that most of us have received) keeps our
minds focused on information storage, future goals and how we compare
with others in the present.
Living
and learning this way has created a world where a rat race mentality
dominates. Where many ‘well-educated’ people’s minds are
crammed with disconnected bits of knowledge (about math, physics,
history, etc.) that we never developed the ability to apply in
meaningful ways.
In
recent decades, Western psychologists have described some of these
dynamics. Carol Dweck talks about a growth versus fixed mindset. A
growth mindset is open and curious, the person understands what they
are studying and is continuously learning, updating their knowledge
and skills. We do not compare ourselves with others and see learning
as a lifelong process.
Psychologist
Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi describes this approach to life and learning
as flow, the psychology of optimal experience. With our minds open to
the present moment we experience a sense of unity and intimate
relationship with our current situation and context.
A
growth mindset and flow are quite similar to the beginner’s mind
approach of Zen. In the book Zen in the Art of Archery, Eugen
Herrigel shared his Japanese archery teacher’s advice:
Don’t
think of what you have to do, don’t consider how to carry it out!
The shot will only go smoothly when it takes the archer himself by
surprise.
Goals
can be helpful, but the focus with Zen arts is to anchor our
consciousness in the present moment, detached from ego and desire. “A
goal is not always meant to be reached; it often serves simply as
something to aim at, is how Bruce Lee put it.
Numerous
athletes, artists and musicians have described their most satisfying
experiences in this way, as being in ‘the zone’, where a sense of
self drops away and we feel a deep connection with the present
moment. Skilful actions happen of themselves, intuitively, without
willful thought or direction.
When
playing sports or music, thoughts of future outcomes or failure can
trigger powerful emotions that distract our awareness. It is only by
paying full attention to what is happening NOW that we can respond
mindfully and effectively to current conditions, and deeply connect
with the present moment we inhabit.
Moreover,
as our skills develop without egoism, we will naturally cultivate
positive psychological qualities (such as mindfulness, optimism,
compassion, creativity, kindness, joyfulness) that make our lives
more happy, successful and meaningful.
As the
composer John Cage put it: Get yourself out of whatever cage you
find yourself in. There is poetry as soon as we realize that we
possess nothing.
When
we learn and grow in this way, over time we may discover what
Japanese call ikegai(生き甲斐),
a deeper sense of purpose and direction to our lives. Ikegai is about
developing your many unique gifts so that you can share these with
the world. Finding our life’s purpose brings joy to us and benefit
to others.
To do
this successfully, it helps to be aware of how we are connected to
the rest of the Universe. Finding deep meaning can only be discovered
in the now, not in the future. This is why Taoist and Zen teachings
encourage us to cultivate an intimate relationship with (and
appreciation for) Nature as she manifests in the present moment.
We are
at all times connected to the Cosmos in ways that mundane concerns
distract us from seeing. Alan Watts has described how we are each
like waves of a larger ocean, unique and creative expressions of the
Universe we inhabit.
When
our mind is empty of self-centric thoughts and emotions, we can more
easily connect with our surroundings. Maintaining space in our minds
allows the magic of the world to enter through our senses.
For
Taoist sages and Zen masters the Universe that surrounds us is
experienced as our ‘original face.’ It’s the Source of all that
exists, a living matrix of creativity that we all belong to, that has
brought each one of us into being. As Alan Watts put it:
If
you see yourself in the correct way, you are all as much
extraordinary phenomena of nature as trees, clouds, the patterns in
running water, the flickering of fire, the arrangement of the stars,
and the form of a galaxy. You are all just like that…
While
this is not difficult to comprehend conceptually, it can be
challenging for ‘civilized’ people to experience directly and
frequently. Not buying into the rat race mentality of modern cultures
is an essential first step. Training mindfully in an art form or
sport, learning to meditate or do yoga, will provide us with a system
of practice that assists greatly.
As we
learn to meet the world like an empty cup, we allow inner and outer
realms of our lives to flow together. Where there had been separation
before, now there is greater unity and love. Every living being we
meet, every experience we have, can be seen as magical in some way.
More
and more, we may begin to experience yūgen (幽玄),
a term that Japanese artists and poets have used to signify a deep
appreciation and feeling of relatedness with the Universe.
Vietnamese
Zen teacher Thich Nhat Hanh describes this as a deepening awareness
of inter-being, the fundamental unity and interconnectedness of every
‘thing’ in the Cosmos. In a flower exists water from clouds,
energy from the sun, molecules from the earth, atoms created billions
of years ago within stars.
This
understanding is very important if one wishes to grasp Buddhist
teachings about emptiness, as Thich Nhat Hanh explains:
A
flower cannot be by herself alone. To be empty is not a negative
note… A flower is empty only of a separate self, but a flower is
full of everything else. The whole cosmos can be seen, can be
identified, can be touched, in one flower. So to say that the flower
is empty of a separate self also means that the flower is full of the
cosmos.
Such
an attitude and recognition brings greater peace and happiness in our
lives (and wisdom in our actions) because instead of trying to
manipulate outcomes and take from the world we become more aligned
with Nature, moving in unison with life, like a musician or dancer.
By
letting go of distracting thoughts and emotions throughout the day,
we create space for the world to move through us, be a part of us.
This letting go allows for a deeper experience of inter-being, our
intimate connectedness with everything and everyone.
Over
time, connecting & letting go, like breathing, becomes second
nature for us. Not seeking far off goals that the modern world
considers to be important, we discover that everything we need is
already here. We just need to cultivate inner space and connect fully
with what is happening right now.
Maintaining
a beginner’s mind helps us to experience flow in our activities,
joy in our relationships and growth as human beings. Like the lead
characters in the films Groundhog Day and About Time, we start to
discover deep meaning and poetry in all of life’s moments.
In the
Japanese tea ceremony this connection and appreciation is expressed
with the idea of ichi-go ichi-e (一期一会),
translated as “one time, one meeting.” Every meeting we share
with others is a once in a lifetime event, a sacred moment that we
can treasure and enjoy deeply.
Over
time, as we practice seeing and living in this way, everything we do
can be experienced as an art form to be mastered and/or appreciated,
every interaction with others becomes a potential source of joy,
gratitude, peace, love and beauty.
We
will never find happiness in far off places or goals that we imagine
in our heads. The way to happiness is to realize deeply, that each
moment of life― each snowflake, flower, mountain, sunrise,
friendship― is a work of cosmic art, both unique and precious. Each
step of our journey we have already arrived, for we have always been
home.
To
dwell in the here and now does not mean you never think about the
past, or responsibly plan for the future. The idea is simply not to
allow your self to get lost in regrets about the past or worries
about the future. Letting go gives us freedom, and freedom is the
only condition for happiness.
~Thich
Nhat Hanh
by
Christopher Chase at uplift.love