Magnetic Neutron Star Discovery

A mysterious object that is only 4,000 light years away from Earth is unlike anything ever seen before in space, astronomers have said. They think it could be a neutron star or a white dwarf – collapsed cores of stars – with an ultra-powerful magnetic field, also known as a magnetar. As it spins through the cosmos, the 'spooky' object sends out a beam of radiation, and for one minute in every 20 it is now one of the brightest objects in the night sky.

Observations show it releasing a giant burst of energy three times an hour. Astrophysicist Dr Natasha Hurley-Walker, from the Curtin University, International Center for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR) in Australia, led the team that made the discovery. Her team was mapping radio waves in the universe when they came across the potential 'magnetar'.

She said: 'This object was appearing and disappearing over a few hours during our observations. That was completely unexpected. It was kind of spooky for an astronomer because there's nothing known in the sky that does that. And it's really quite close to us — about 4,000 light years away. It's in our galactic backyard.'

Dr Hurley-Walker added that the observations match a predicted astrophysical object called an 'ultra-long period magnetar'. 'It's a type of slowly spinning neutron star that has been predicted to exist theoretically,' she said. 'But nobody expected to directly detect one like this, because we didn't expect them to be so bright. Somehow it's converting magnetic energy to radio waves much more effectively than anything we've seen before.'

Neutron stars are the collapsed, burnt-out cores of dead stars. When large stars reach the end of their lives, their core will collapse, blowing off the outer layers of the star. This leaves an extremely dense object known as a neutron star, which squashes more mass than is contained in the sun into the size of a city.

A neutron star typically would have a mass that's perhaps half-a-million times the mass of the Earth, but they're only about 20 kilometers (12 miles) across. A handful of material from this star would weigh as much as Mount Everest.  They are very hot, perhaps a million degrees, highly radioactive, and have incredibly intense magnetic fields. This makes them arguably the most hostile environments in the Universe today.

Adapted from article by Sam Tomkin at DailyMail.co.uk/sciencetech on January 26, 2022